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- See white lines on the map The active volcanoes in these chains are all located in the southeast corner and are the last island in that group. The oldest islands were the northern most islands in the group. What Tuzo Wilson decided was that the...
- These areas of rising solid rock are called mantle plumes. Because of lower pressure in the upper region of the mantle the rock begins to melt. This forms magma which rises inch by inch until it reaches the surface forming a volcano. In W. Jason...
- The first Hawaiian Island to form over the hot spot was Kauai. It began to break the surface of the Pacific Ocean about 4. As the Pacific plate moved westward another island formed. That island was Oahu. The capital and largest city of Hawaii, Honolulu, is located on this extinct volcanic island. The islands of Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, and Maui share the same volcanic base. They all formed from separate volcanoes that were connected by huge lava flows. These volcanic islands also formed from the same hot spot. Today the Big Island of Hawaii sits over the hot spot and has the only active volcanoes in that island group.
- Mauna Loa volcano is the largest volcano on Earth. It is over 30, feet tall from the seafloor where it was born to the summit, which is 13, feet above sea level. This is a caldera. A caldera is a large bowl-shaped crater that is formed by the collapse of a volcanic cone after an eruption. The animation shows the steps in the formation of a caldera. The volcano usually shows signs of erupting by producing earthquakes as the magma rises in the volcano. When you shake a can of soda pop and then open it, you will get a shower of gas carbon Dioxide and pop. Because the pressure was much higher in the can than outside of the can.
- When you opened the top the pressure released very quickly shooting the gas and pop out. After a huge ejection of lava there may be no magma left in the chamber to fill the conduit and crater. When this happens there is a hollow space under the summit of the mountain where the magma used to be. The top of the mountain then collapses creating a caldera.
- The caldera may fill with water creating a lake. This is what happened at Crater Lake in Oregon. The ancient volcano Mount Mazama erupted violently about 6, years ago creating a caldera. The caldera slowly filled with snowmelt and rain forming beautiful Crater Lake. Another caldera forms most of the first national park of the United States, Yellowtone. The geysers and hot springs that make the park famous the world over are all volcanic in origin. In other word the park sits on top of an active volcano!!!! This is a map of Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone sits atop a continental hot spot. As the North American plate moves steadily westward the hot spot affects different areas of the continent. Volcanic activity can be traced across the United States as the plate has moved across this hot spot. This caldera is one of the largest calderas in the world. It is over 65 miles across!! Millions of years ago the North American plate was hundreds of miles east of where it is today. As the plate moved west it slowly moved over the hot spot that is now under Yellowstone.
- The hot spot has created volcanic features through the western portion of the United States. Craters of the Moon National Monument in Idaho was created by the same hot spot. Open image in another window to see animation This is exactly the same process that formed the Hawaiian Islands. The North American plate continues to move, which means that millions of years from now the hot spot will be under South Dakota or Iowa!! Remember as you watch the animation, the hot spot is stationary and the North American plate is moving westward!!! Today Yellowstone National Park sits directly over the hot spot. The volcano is quiet today, only the geysers and hot springs remind us that there is a huge volcano under the beautiful scenery. Only , years ago a huge eruption filled the area with lava flows. After the huge eruption there was a void under the top of the volcano.
- The weight of the volcano caused the top to come crashing down forming the large caldera in the park. Write the answers to the following questions in complete sentences on a piece of paper. Use the page titles located directly under the questions to navigate your way through the lesson to locate the answers. When you have finished the lesson click on the Earth icon so the next group can begin the lesson. What is a Hot Spot? How does and hot spot form? How does a caldera form?
- The activity allows students to build a scaled 3D model of the Earth, which they use and interact with to complete activity sheets. The model is constructed using basic materials paper, cardboard, string, and glue and can be broken down to fit into a folder. Finally, the lesson is broken into four daily activities, each day focusing on different material. Worksheets and PowerPoints are provided for each daily activity. Students construct a scaled model of the Earth using basic materials.
- Students develop an ability to visualize and understand geologic processes in three dimensions. Context for Use This lesson was designed for introductory Earth science grade Students will also learn about latitude and longitude and map projection. The lesson also helps students visualize structures and processes in three dimensions. This activity covers standards based on the structure of the Earth and plate tectonics.
- Teachers should build the model first. Click on the links above for model print-outs and instructions on how to build the model. Depending on class size, teachers should have each student or group start building the model. The model is based on 8. The model will probably take about 2 class periods 50 min to build. After each student or group has a completed model the lesson shifts to using short PowerPoints and activity sheets. The teacher will lead the students through the activity sheet, using the model as the guide to answer the questions. The activity ends with an overview of topics covered and exam. Students will be provided an overview sheet, which will be slowly filled in each day.
Plate Tectonics Test Questions - KS3 Geography Revision - BBC Bitesize
This sheet will serve in combination with the model as an overview study guide for the students. The overview sheet is broken into four quadrants that represent the four days of activities. Students fill in the overview sheet clockwise. Printer color or black and white. Cardboard three 8. Manila Folder three 8. Paper Clips three.- The model is based on general relativity and on simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity and isotropy of space. A version of the model with a cosmological constant Lambda and cold dark matter , known as the Lambda-CDM model , is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of various observations about the universe. The Big Bang model accounts for observations such as the correlation of distance and redshift of galaxies, the ratio of the number of hydrogen to helium atoms, and the microwave radiation background.
- During the Planck epoch, all types of matter and all types of energy were concentrated into a dense state, and gravity —currently the weakest by far of the four known forces —is believed to have been as strong as the other fundamental forces, and all the forces may have been unified. Objects in space did not physically move; instead the metric that defines space itself changed. Although objects in spacetime cannot move faster than the speed of light , this limitation does not apply to the metric governing spacetime itself. This initial period of inflation is believed to explain why space appears to be very flat, and much larger than light could travel since the start of the universe. As the universe continued to cool down from its inconceivably hot state, various types of subatomic particles were able to form in short periods of time known as the quark epoch , the hadron epoch , and the lepton epoch.
Chapter 9- Plate Tectonics Flashcards By Georgia Infowishedeiwodnoweindoiewndnd | Brainscape
Together, these epochs encompassed less than 10 seconds of time following the Big Bang. These elementary particles associated stably into ever larger combinations, including stable protons and neutrons , which then formed more complex atomic nuclei through nuclear fusion. This process, known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis , only lasted for about 17 minutes and ended about 20 minutes after the Big Bang, so only the fastest and simplest reactions occurred. Any other element was only formed in very tiny quantities. After nucleosynthesis ended, the universe entered a period known as the photon epoch. During this period, the universe was still far too hot for matter to form neutral atoms , so it contained a hot, dense, foggy plasma of negatively charged electrons , neutral neutrinos and positive nuclei.- After about , years, the universe had cooled enough that electrons and nuclei could form the first stable atoms. This is known as recombination for historical reasons; in fact electrons and nuclei were combining for the first time. Unlike plasma, neutral atoms are transparent to many wavelengths of light, so for the first time the universe also became transparent. The photons released " decoupled " when these atoms formed can still be seen today; they form the cosmic microwave background CMB. As the universe expands, the energy density of electromagnetic radiation decreases more quickly than does that of matter because the energy of a photon decreases with its wavelength. At around 47, years, the energy density of matter became larger than that of photons and neutrinos , and began to dominate the large scale behavior of the universe.
- This marked the end of the radiation-dominated era and the start of the matter-dominated era. In the earliest stages of the universe, tiny fluctuations within the universe's density led to concentrations of dark matter gradually forming. Ordinary matter, attracted to these by gravity , formed large gas clouds and eventually, stars and galaxies, where the dark matter was most dense, and voids where it was least dense.
- After around - million years,[ citation needed ] the first stars formed, known as Population III stars. These were probably very massive, luminous, non metallic and short-lived. They were responsible for the gradual reionization of the universe between about million years and 1 billion years, and also for seeding the universe with elements heavier than helium, through stellar nucleosynthesis. After about 9. Physical properties Main articles: Observable universe , Age of the Universe , and Metric expansion of space Of the four fundamental interactions , gravitation is the dominant at astronomical length scales. Gravity's effects are cumulative; by contrast, the effects of positive and negative charges tend to cancel one another, making electromagnetism relatively insignificant on astronomical length scales.
- The remaining two interactions, the weak and strong nuclear forces , decline very rapidly with distance; their effects are confined mainly to sub-atomic length scales. The universe appears to have much more matter than antimatter , an asymmetry possibly related to the CP violation. These laws are Gauss's law and the non-divergence of the stress-energy-momentum pseudotensor. The images, labeled along their left edge, increase in size from left to right, then from top to bottom. Size and regions See also: Observational cosmology Television signals broadcast from Earth will never reach the edges of this image. According to the general theory of relativity, far regions of space may never interact with ours even in the lifetime of the universe due to the finite speed of light and the ongoing expansion of space.
Cooper, Nick - 6th Grade Science / Plate Tectonics Practice Questions
For example, radio messages sent from Earth may never reach some regions of space, even if the universe were to exist forever: space may expand faster than light can traverse it. The proper distance —the distance as would be measured at a specific time, including the present—between Earth and the edge of the observable universe is 46 billion light-years [49] 14 billion parsecs , [50] making the diameter of the observable universe about 93 billion light-years 28 billion parsecs.
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