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- Therefore, without supervision, children might eat unhealthy food or lead a sedentary lifestyle. School efforts to promote a healthy diet and engage students in physical exercises are irreplaceable in tackling the problem of child obesity. In...
- Floods often damage homes and businesses if they are located in natural river floodplains. Although river flood damage can be repaired by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked on rivers because...
- Recently, however, its population has declined dramatically. At first glance, it looked like the chub was eating a trout brought in for sport fishing in the middle of the 20th century. But trout and chub coexisted until the Glen Canyon Dam was built, so something else is happening. The chubs were well adapted to the poor visibility created by the thick red water that gave the river its name and which could provide shelter from predators. Without muddy water, the chub became vulnerable. And the chub is not alone. In the years since the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam, several species have completely disappeared.
- These include the Colorado minnow pike, prickly sucker, and round-tailed chub. Meanwhile, aliens, including fat-headed minnows, channel catfish and common carp, who would have been difficult to survive in the wild waters of the intact canyon, began to buzz. So flooding is the obvious answer. Unfortunately, this is easier said than done. Floods hit the Grand Canyon in and , with mixed results. In , the flood lasted too long. At first everything seemed fine. They built sandbanks and flooded the river with sediment. Eventually, however, the ongoing stream washed away most of the sediment from the canyon. This problem was avoided in , but unfortunately in this case the volume of sand behind the dam was too small to restore the shoals. This time, the US Geological Survey is confident that everything will be better.
- The amount of sediment available is three times greater than in So if the flood is beneficial, it's time to release it. Even so, it can be an empty gesture. This flood of less than 1, cubic meters per second is even less than the average spring flood, not to mention one of the worst floods of the past. These magnificent floods moved huge amounts of sediment across the Grand Canyon, wiping mud at the shale and creating a muddy mess of silt and manure that shriveled modern river rafters. Damage caused by fire is worse than that caused by flood. The flood peaks at almost cubic meters every eight years. Contribution of sediments delivered by tributaries has little impact. Decreasing the number of chubs is always caused by introducing of trout since mid 20th century.
IELTS Writing Recent Actual Test & Questions May 2021 | Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, UK
It seemed that the artificial flood in had achieved success partly at the very beginning. In fact, the yield of artificial flood water is smaller than an average natural flood at present. Mighty floods drove fast-moving flows with clean and high-quality water. Complete the summary below. Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet. In the past, the canyon was raged by flood every year. The snow from far Wyoming would melt in the season of In the four decades after people built the Glen Canyon Dam, it only could gather Humpback chub population on reduced, why? Then, several species disappeared including Colorado pike-minnow, Meanwhile, some moved in such as fathead minnows, channel catfish, and The non-stopped flow leaded to the washing away of the sediment out of the canyon, which poses great threat to the chubs because it has poor In addition, the volume ofIELTS Recent Actual Tests 2021 | Listening, Reading, Speaking And Writing (Academic Or General)
There is no animal that symbolizes the diversity of the rainforest as vividly as the tropical butterfly. Anyone lucky enough to spot these creatures flitting between patches of sunlight cannot help but be impressed by the variety of their designs. But why do they display such vivid exuberance? Until recently, this was almost as pressing a question as when naturalists of the 19th century, armed only with butterfly nets and insatiable curiosity, fought in the rainforest. These early explorers soon realized that while some of the bright colors of butterflies are needed to attract a mate, others are warning signals. They send a signal to any predator: "Stay away, we are poisonous. Biologists use the term "mimic rings" for these swarms of impostors and their evolutionary idols. But here's a riddle. The idea is that there should only be one pattern in each locality that best protects those who wear it.IELTS Recent Actual Test 2021 With Answer Key | Reading Passage 2 | 27 March 2021
Predators will quickly learn to avoid this, and eventually all mimetic species in the region must converge with it. In search of a clue to the mystery of mimetic abundance, Beccaloni traveled to one of the mega-centers of butterfly diversity, the point where the western edge of the Amazon basin meets the foothills of the Andes in Ecuador. The trick was to figure out how all butterflies are arranged and how it relates to mimicry.- Working at the Jatun Sach biological research station on the banks of the Rio Napo, Beccaloni focused his attention on a group of butterflies called itomiins. They are known for their vibrant colors, venomous bodies, and complex mimetic relationships. Although all ithomiines are venomous, it is in their best interest to evolve to resemble each other, because predators that learn to avoid one species will also avoid others that are similar. Mimicry rings can also contain insects that are not toxic but receive protection by looking like a model species, namely an adaptation called Bates mimicry. The avoidance response of an experienced predator is so strong that even a completely inappropriate resemblance provides some protection. But why are there so many different mimic rings? One idea is that species flying at the same height in a forest canopy evolve to become similar to each other.
- The idea is that the color patterns of the wings are masked from the different patterns of light and shadow at each level of the canopy, providing the first line of defense against predators. And observations show that insects do not change height over the course of the day and light patterns change. To make matters worse, according to De Vries, this theory does not explain why the model species flies at this particular altitude at all.
- They really flew like that. Then we will finally be able to understand how they could develop in such a complex way. Not only were there 56 species of Itomin butterflies among the eight mimicric rings, but there were also 69 other species of insects, including 34 day-old butterflies and dragonflies, all in the hectare study area. Like many entomologists before him, Beccaloni used a large sack-like net to catch his prey. This allowed him to sample 2. Unlike many previous explorers, he kept very accurate records of exactly where he caught his specimens. The attention to detail paid off. Beccaloni discovered that the mimic rings flew at two completely different heights. However, since this is more practice than theory, things were a little fuzzy. But they also spent less of their time flying at different heights, Beccaloni admits. The views were not rigidly stacked like the waiting-to-land passenger planes, but they seemed to prefer airspace in the woods.
IELTS Recent Actual Test 2021 With Answer Key, Passage 1, 23 January 2021
So far so good, but he still hasn't explained what causes the various groups of Itomiins and their chromatic consorts to fly structures at these heights. Then Beccaloni came up with a bright idea. Once I got them back to the laboratory at the field station, I just had to keep them alive until they pupate, and then the adults hatch that I could identify.- Ankit Saini copying paper. Questions Complete the flowchart. Procedure to Reduce Copying Waste 26 that the staff do double-sided copying. Stack them in a special copying tray each morning. Give highest users a 30 e. Questions Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C. Tom: Sure, he's quiet, but remember our last flatmate? He'd say 'hi' to you, and smile, and treat everyone politely.
IELTS Recent Actual Test 2021 With Answer Key | Reading Passage 3 | 17 April 2021
In comparison, this new guy is very Q2 impolite. He just grunts in reply, and sometimes ignores me altogether. Richard: I guess that's just his way-y'know, just his character. I don't think he realises he's being impolite, and it shouldn't matter to us too much. We can just ignore him, too, and quietly live our own lives. Tom: But his friends are hard to ignore, when they visit. Richard: I know what you mean, but how often does that happen? I Q3 rarely see them -maybe once or twice a month. If they came moreoften, it might be a problem, but as it is, such rare visits don't matter so much. Wouldn't you say so? Tom: Well, I'm not sure, since it's very obvious when they're here because of all the cigarette Q4 smoke in the house. It stinks up the place, and you know we don't allow smoking on the premises. Richard: Well, I've never seen them doing this. Maybe they do it outside. Perhaps we can talk to Anders about it.IELTS Recent Actual Test With Answers Volume 1 Listening Practice Test 1
Always remember, though, in one respect, he's a good tenant. And it's the most important aspect. The previous flatmate would always pay the rent late. Tom: I know what you're going to say. This guy pays Q5 promptly. But there's more to being a good tenant than prompt payment. I mean, you need to turn off the TV, clean up your dishes, dress respectably, be polite, and so on. I guess what I'm saying is that, basically, you need to Q6 co-operate with the others, and this new guy fails significantly in this respect. Richard: I tell you what, Tom, why don't we talk to our new flatmate, Anders, about these issues? If we throw him out, we'll have to go to all the trouble of finding another flatmate, who might not necessarily be much better. So, let's give the current guy a chance.- I've got a piece of paper, so let's make a short list of issues to discuss with him. Get it out into the open. Tom: Sure. We'll give him one more chance. So, write, 'Communication', and let's tell him to Richard: Well, we can't change a person's personality overnight, so why don't we have a weekly tenants' meeting, and we can just ask him to attend? That way we can get to know him better.
- I'll write ' Q7 attend meeting', and we can take it from there. Tom: Okay, but we have to tell him about his friends. They can't just do whatever they want. Write a heading 'friends' and then write 'don't smoke, anywhere, inside or outside'. Richard: Well, instead of being so direct, and possibly causing offense, I'll just write, ' Q8 follow rules', and verbally mention the rules: TV off by 10 pm, no loud music, or bad behaviour, including smoking. Tom: Okay, do that, but I still think we need to specifically mention that last issue. You know how I can't stand the habit, so I'd like this to be another and separate point. Q9 Strictly forbidden! And it's important to include the 'strictly' here.
- We can't pussyfoot around too much. Sometimes directness is necessary. Richard: Okay, I'll write that And what about cleaning duties? Anders is a little too relaxed about that. Dishes are sometimes not washed, dirty tea cups are left around the place, and so on. Tom: So, write 'must do better! I'd rather be general. I'll write ' Q10 must be done' and I'll tell him that that's for everyone, not just him. Tom: Okay. As long as he gets the message. Now, you know why I'm here. You all work in a factory, and in this environment, there always remains a significant possibility of accidents happening, in which case, first aid will be necessary. What is first aid? It is the provision of emergency on-site care when an injury occurs, and it is essential for everyone to know, if only simply, the Q11 steps which must be followed.
IELTS Recent Actual Test 2021 With Answer Key, Reading Passage 1, 25 February 2021
There are, of course, minor injuries which may happen, not needing further medical care beyond the intervention of the first-aider, but you can never be sure, thus the following steps must always he followed. These can be abbreviated to the words. D -R-A -B-C. The 'D' stands for " Q12 danger", and that's the first issue to keep in mind. When an accident happens, immediately ascertain that the environment is safe -that, for example, nothing else will fall or break or cause accidents. If you, the firstaider, are also injured, the problem is even worse. The 'R' stands for " Q13 respond'. You must then ascertain the best response. Once all the danger has been eliminated, and the distress calls sent out, the appropriate action is, obviously, to help the injured parly.IELTS Recent Actual Test With Answers (Vol 5) Writing Practice Test
Alright, that leads to 'A', which stands for "airway". In order to stay alive, all people need to have an open airway to allow breathing. A conscious person will automatically clear their own airway, but if Q14 unconscious, this may not happen. The brain is stopped or hindered from properly directing the body and, obviously, in the worst case, death can result, for this reason, the injured person is normally put into the 'recovery' position -placed on the side, tilling the head back, and ensuring that there are no Q15 blockages in the mouth.IELTS Recent Actual Tests | Listening, Reading, Speaking And Writing (Academic Or General)
To free any such blockages, the back can be slapped, or the chest compressed, allowing anything to be spat out. Now that the airway is free, cheek for 'B' or 'breathing'. If breathing is not happening, or is Q16 irregular, the fust-aider may have to assist with what is technically known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or more commonly. This involves breathing for the patient, through mouth-to-mouth contact, while periodically massaging the heart through compressions to the chest. This combination allows blood, and oxygen, to flow around the body, keeping the patient alive, hopefully until Q17 medics, such as doctors, advanced firstaiders, or ambulance staff, arrive. Now, it's certainly good to have know ledge of emergency fust aid. It is more important to have Q18 an appointed person whose job is to ensure awareness and work-safety. Another idea is to put posters on the walls, but.Ielts Recent Actual Test With Answers Volume 4-PDF Free Download
It is much better if Q19 everyone is just instilled to not be reckless, that is,to not rush into situations without thinking about the possibility of accidents, and instilling this mindset is part of the job of the safety officer. Some other suggestions are ongoing first-aid training, and 'no accident' reward or star systems. These have had some success, but nothing beats Q20 a regular meeting, say , once a month, in which the subject of safety is brought to the attention of everyone, and any outstanding issues related to this are thoroughly discussed. Frank: Hi, Nicole. As you know, we've got to decide on the best ways this university can reduce its waste. You inspected the eastern campus, and I did the western buildings. Did you do all the interviews as well? Nicole: Yes, I interviewed all the staff, who made some good observations, and I interviewed some of the students. The students said little that was interesting. They don't seem to care that much.
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